Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl of Westmorland (24 January 1602 – 12 February 1666) was an English nobleman, politician, and writer.[1]
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One of seven sons of Francis Fane by his wife Mary, granddaughter of Sir Walter Mildmay, Mildmay Fane was born in Kent and educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge (matriculated 1618).[2] He became MP for Peterborough in 1620 and for Kent in 1625. He succeeded his father as Earl of Westmorland and Lord le Despenser on 23 March 1629 [all dates new style].
A friend of Robert Herrick, he supported the Royalist party at the outbreak of the English Civil War (King Charles I had stood as godfather to Fane's eldest son in 1635). Following a brief period of imprisonment by Parliament, however, he retired to his estate at Apethorpe in Northamptonshire.
137 poems by Fane appeared in his self-published collection Otia Sacra in 1648 — the first time a peer of England published his own verse. It was only at the end of the twentieth century that a larger body of Fane's verse was identified: some 500 poems by Fane, composed between 1621 and 1665, were published in 2001.[3] The poems survived in manuscript collections preserved at Fulbeck Hall in Lincolnshire, Houghton Library at Harvard University, and the Westmorland papers preserved at the Northamptonshire Record Office.
Fane also wrote masques and stage plays; six of these "politicized entertainments" were performed at Apethorpe during the decade of the 1640s by Fane's children and servants. For his 1641 masque Candia Restaurata, Fane designed sets and stage effects and composed some of the music used in the production. Virtue's Triumph features personifications of Ambition and Impudence, Lies and Deceits; Nobility and Learning are married and the parents of Truth. The protagonist of De Pugna Animi is Lord Mens (Mind), who is assisted by figures like Sir Ratio Prudens in resisting a revolt of the five senses.[4] Fane wrote his play The Change during his imprisonment in the Tower of London early in the Civil War. One of his plays, titled Ladrones, was known in manuscript in the 19th century and reportedly featured Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Cavendish, and Ferdinand Magellan as characters; but the MS. has been lost.[5] Fane's total extant literary output includes over 900 poems in English and Latin, and eight plays or entertainments.
Fane married twice: firstly, in 1620, to Grace Thornihurst, daughter of Sir William Thornihurst of Kent, with whom he had a son and five daughters; and secondly to Mary, daughter of Horace Lord Vere of Tillsbury, who bore him a son and four daughters, one of whom was Lady Mary Fane who married firstly Francis Palmes of Ashwell, Rutland, grand-daughter of Sir Guy Palmes, and was widowed with no children. She married secondly John Cecil, 4th Earl of Exeter (1628-1678), a widower, on January 24, 1670. Mildmay's first son Charles, and his second son Vere, both succeeded to their father's title in turn (since Charles Fane, 3rd Earl left no descendants).
Mildmay Fane's younger brother Sir Francis Fane married Elizabeth West, daughter of William West of Firbeck Hall, Yorkshire, and widow of John, Lord Darcy of the North. Sir Francis Fane achieved some distinction as a writer, publishing poetry as well as three dramatic plays. He was made Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of Charles I, and served as governor of Doncaster Castle during the English civil war. Rachael Fane (1613–80), one of Mildmay Fane's seven sisters and a resident of Apethorpe, also wrote entertainments and a masque that were performed by the household. Her works survive in manuscript.[6]
| Parliament of England | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Edward Wymarke Sir William Walter |
Member of Parliament for Peterborough 1621–1624 With: Walter FitzWilliam |
Succeeded by Francis Fane Laurence Whitacre |
| Preceded by Sir Nicholas Tufton Sir Edwin Sandys |
Member of Parliament for Kent 1625 With: Sir Albert Moreton |
Succeeded by Sir Edward Hales, 1st Baronet Sir Edward Scot |
| Preceded by Laurence Whitacre Sir Christopher Hatton |
Member of Parliament for Peterborough 1626–1629 With: Laurence Whitacre |
Succeeded by Parliament suspended until 1640 |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Preceded by Francis Fane |
Earl of Westmorland 1629–1666 |
Succeeded by Charles Fane |
| Honorary titles | ||
| English Interregnum | Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire jointly with The Earl of Exeter 1660–1666 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Exeter The Earl of Peterborough |